DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

1 Corinthians 1

Download complete JSON record

1 corinthians.1.cor1NationsText

ἔθνεσιν / Ἕλλησιν

TEXThigh confidence

For whom is the crucified Christ foolishness?

‘Nations’ creates the broader Judean/non-Judean contrast; ‘Greeks’ continues the repeated pairing of Jews and Greeks in the surrounding verses.

Why this default

Gentiles is default as SBLGNT and the critical editions.

Evidence

Externalἔθνεσιν — WH, Treg, NA28; Ἕλλησιν — RP.

Internal‘Greeks’ can be explained as harmonization to the repeated Jews-and-Greeks pairing in verses 22 and 24; ‘Gentiles’ interrupts that repetition while preserving the broader ethnic contrast.

Project defaultbut foolishness to Gentiles

Project default · critical reading

Witnessesἔθνεσιν · SBLGNT; WH, Treg, NA28
Alternativebut foolishness to Greeks

Robinson-Pierpont reading

WitnessesἝλλησιν · RP
Alternativebut folly to the nations

Critical reading · direct rendering

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

← All 1 Corinthians 1 records

Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.