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Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
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Translation record
1 Thessalonians 1
John707 recordsMark525 recordsMatthew987 recordsLuke929 recordsActs1146 records1 Thessalonians67 recordsGalatians138 records1 Corinthians357 records2 Corinthians250 recordsRomans340 recordsPhilippians84 recordsPhilemon22 recordsColossians74 recordsEphesians121 records2 Thessalonians36 records1 Timothy86 records1 Peter90 records2 Peter61 records1 John107 records2 John10 records3 John13 recordsJude23 recordsRevelation324 records
1 thessalonians.1.th1Serve
δουλεύειν
TRANSLATIONmoderate confidence
What relationship to the living and true God does the verb describe?
Douleuein is to serve as a slave. ‘Serve’ is natural in context; ‘be enslaved to’ exposes the social force of the verb.
Why this default
‘Serve’ is default because it is readable in the worship context while still allowing the stronger slave-status sense to remain explicitly selectable.
Evidence
ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.
InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.
Project defaultto serve a living and true God
Project default · contextual English
Alternativeto live as slaves of a living and true God
Social force foregrounded
Alternativeto be devoted to a living and true God
Allegiance foregrounded
Record integrity
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