DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

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leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

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chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

1 Thessalonians 3

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1 thessalonians.3.th3RoleFork

συνεργὸν τοῦ θεοῦ / συνεργόν / διάκονον τοῦ θεοῦ / combined readings

TEXTTRANSLATIONlow confidence

How is Timothy’s ministry role described?

The competing titles change how Timothy’s ministry is related to God and to Paul’s team, while every form serves the same narrative purpose of authorizing his mission to strengthen the Thessalonians.

Why this default

‘God’s coworker’ remains the project default because it is the difficult reading printed by SBLGNT and NA28 and best explains the servant substitutions and conflations; its direct support is narrow, so all five surviving streams remain open.

Evidence

Externalσυνεργὸν τοῦ θεοῦ is supported by D*, 33, Old Latin witnesses, Ambrosiaster, and Pelagius; B omits τοῦ θεοῦ. א, A, P, Ψ, 0278, 6, 81, 629*, 1241, 1739, 1881, 2464, Latin, and Coptic witnesses read διάκονον τοῦ θεοῦ. D2 and the Byzantine tradition combine διάκονον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ συνεργὸν ἡμῶν; F and G combine διάκονον καὶ συνεργὸν τοῦ θεοῦ.

InternalThe unusual association of ‘coworker’ with God could prompt omission of the genitive or substitution of the safer title ‘servant’; the longer readings naturally conflate competing titles.

Project defaultGod’s coworker

Project default · difficult SBLGNT reading

Witnessesσυνεργὸν τοῦ θεοῦ · D*, 33, Old Latin, Ambrosiaster, Pelagius
Alternativea coworker

Shorter Vaticanus reading

Witnessesσυνεργόν · B
AlternativeGod’s servant

Broad servant reading

Witnessesδιάκονον τοῦ θεοῦ · א, A, P, Ψ, 0278, 6, 81, 629*, 1241, 1739, 1881, 2464, Latin, Coptic
AlternativeGod’s servant and our coworker

Byzantine combined reading

Witnessesδιάκονον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ συνεργὸν ἡμῶν · D2, Byzantine tradition
AlternativeGod’s servant and coworker

Western combined reading

Witnessesδιάκονον καὶ συνεργὸν τοῦ θεοῦ · F, G

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.