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Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
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Translation record
3 John 1
John707 recordsMark525 recordsMatthew987 recordsLuke929 recordsActs1146 records1 Thessalonians67 recordsGalatians138 records1 Corinthians357 records2 Corinthians250 recordsRomans340 recordsPhilippians84 recordsPhilemon22 recordsColossians74 recordsEphesians121 records2 Thessalonians36 records1 Timothy86 records1 Peter90 records2 Peter61 records1 John107 records2 John10 records3 John13 recordsJude23 recordsRevelation324 records
3 john.1.johc15StrangersText
καὶ τοῦτο ξένους / εἰς τοὺς ... ξένους
TEXTSYNTAXHOSPITALITYTRANSLATIONhigh confidence
How are the traveling brothers related to Gaius?
Westcott-Hort, Tregelles, and NA28 emphasize that Gaius serves the brothers even though they are strangers. The Byzantine wording directly describes his work toward brothers who are strangers.
Why this default
The critical wording heightens Gaius’s hospitality by stressing that he serves the brothers despite not knowing them personally, a contrast softened by the Byzantine construction.
Evidence
ExternalSBLGNT apparatus: καὶ τοῦτο ξένους — WH, Tregelles, NA28; εἰς τοὺς … ξένους — RP.
InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.
Project defaultfor the brothers—even though they are strangers
Project default · WH/Tregelles/NA28
WitnessesWestcott-Hort · Tregelles · NA28Alternativefor the brothers who are strangers
Byzantine construction
WitnessesByzantine tradition (RP)Record integrity
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