DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

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chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

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public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Acts 12

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acts.12.ac12AssemblyLocation

τινας τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας [ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ]

TEXThigh confidence

Does the verse locate the targeted assembly members in Judea?

Most witnesses end with ‘from the assembly’; a Western expansion adds ‘in Judea.’

Why this default

The default follows the concise reading ending with ‘from the assembly’; the Judea phrase is a geographically clarifying Western expansion.

Evidence

ExternalThe short reading is supported by the Byzantine tradition, the Textus Receptus and Westcott–Hort; ‘in Judea’ is added by P127, D, 614, 1595, Old Latin, Syriac and Coptic witnesses.

InternalThe added location makes Herod’s sphere of action explicit but is unnecessary in the Jerusalem setting, fitting a clarifying expansion better than accidental omission.

Project defaultsome from the assembly

Project default

WitnessesNo location · Byzantine tradition, TR, WH
Alternativesome from the assembly in Judea

Expanded textual alternative

Witnessesἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ · P127, D, 614, 1595, versions
Alternativesome members of the assembly

Contextual rendering of the short reading

WitnessesNo location · contextual rendering

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.