chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry
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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
Acts 12
John707 recordsMark525 recordsMatthew987 recordsLuke929 recordsActs1146 records1 Thessalonians67 recordsGalatians138 records1 Corinthians357 records2 Corinthians250 recordsRomans340 recordsPhilippians84 recordsPhilemon22 recordsColossians74 recordsEphesians121 records2 Thessalonians36 records1 Timothy86 records1 Peter90 records2 Peter61 records1 John107 records2 John10 records3 John13 recordsJude23 recordsRevelation324 records
125 records247 records326 records437 records542 records615 records751 records837 records942 records1042 records1133 records1238 records1344 records1437 records1546 records1650 records1747 records1846 records1955 records2045 records2153 records2242 records2343 records2429 records2540 records2647 records2745 records2842 records
acts.12.ac12ReturnDirection
Acts 12:25 εἰς / ἐξ / ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλήμ / εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν
TEXTlow confidence
What direction did Barnabas and Saul travel after completing the relief service?
The manuscripts divide sharply among returning to Jerusalem, returning from Jerusalem, and returning away from Jerusalem; the direction affects how this verse connects chapters 11 and 13.
Why this default
The default retains the difficult ‘to Jerusalem’ reading, while three major alternative streams read from Jerusalem, away from Jerusalem, or explicitly from Jerusalem to Antioch.
Evidence
External‘To Jerusalem’ is supported by א, B, L, P and the Byzantine tradition; ‘from’ by P74, A, 33, 630 and 2127; ‘away from’ by D, Ψ, 181, 614 and versions; the Antioch expansion by E, 429, 945, 1739, Syriac and Coptic witnesses.
InternalThe relief mission makes departure from Jerusalem contextually expected, encouraging correction or explicit addition of Antioch. The difficult ‘to Jerusalem’ can therefore explain the competing clarifications.
Project defaultreturned to Jerusalem
Project default
Witnessesεἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ · א, B, L, P, Byzantine traditionAlternativereturned from Jerusalem
Alternative
Witnessesἐξ Ἰερουσαλήμ · P74, A, 33, 630, 2127Alternativewent back away from Jerusalem
Alternative
Witnessesἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλήμ · D, Ψ, 181, 614, versionsAlternativereturned from Jerusalem to Antioch
Expanded textual alternative
Witnessesἐξ/ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλήμ εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν · E, 429, 945, 1739, versionsRecord integrity
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