chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry
The evidence beneath the English
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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
Acts 13
John707 recordsMark525 recordsMatthew987 recordsLuke929 recordsActs1146 records1 Thessalonians67 recordsGalatians138 records1 Corinthians357 records2 Corinthians250 recordsRomans340 recordsPhilippians84 recordsPhilemon22 recordsColossians74 recordsEphesians121 records2 Thessalonians36 records1 Timothy86 records1 Peter90 records2 Peter61 records1 John107 records2 John10 records3 John13 recordsJude23 recordsRevelation324 records
125 records247 records326 records437 records542 records615 records751 records837 records942 records1042 records1133 records1238 records1344 records1437 records1546 records1650 records1747 records1846 records1955 records2045 records2153 records2242 records2343 records2429 records2540 records2647 records2745 records2842 records
acts.13.ac13FourFiftyYears
ὡς ἔτεσιν τετρακοσίοις καὶ πεντήκοντα
TEXTBOUNDARYlow confidence
Where does the span of about 450 years attach?
Punctuation determines whether the period sums up the patriarchal-to-inheritance era or describes the duration associated with the judges.
Why this default
The default follows the early word order that places about 450 years before ‘after these things’; the later order places the span after that phrase and naturally associates it with the judges.
Evidence
ExternalThe inheritance-attached order is supported by P74, א, A, B, C, 33, 81 and early versions; the judges-attached order by D², E, L, P, Ψ and the Byzantine tradition; D* has a third ‘until’ form.
InternalEach order resolves the chronology differently. Rearrangement could arise to clarify which period the number modifies.
Project defaultOver a span of about four hundred fifty years. And after these things
Project default
WitnessesEarly order · P74, א, A, B, C, 33, 81AlternativeAnd after these things, for about four hundred fifty years
Alternative
WitnessesLater order · D², E, L, P, Ψ, Byzantine traditionAlternativeAll within roughly four hundred fifty years. Afterward
Responsible alternative
WitnessesEarly order · contextual boundary renderingRecord integrity
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