DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Acts 16

Download complete JSON record

acts.16.ac16SpiritJesus

τὸ πνεῦμα Ἰησοῦ / τὸ πνεῦμα κυρίου / τὸ πνεῦμα

TEXThigh confidence

Which form identifies the spirit that prevented entry into Bithynia?

The early text explicitly identifies the spirit with Jesus; smaller streams read the Lord or leave the spirit unqualified.

Why this default

The default retains the distinctive and strongly attested spirit of Jesus. Smaller streams substitute Lord or omit the identifying genitive.

Evidence

ExternalSpirit of Jesus is supported by P74, א, A, B, C², D, E, Ψ, 33, 36, 69, 81*, 307, 453, 1175, 1678, and 1739. Spirit of the Lord occurs in C* and a small versional stream; the unqualified spirit is read by H, L, P, 81c, 945, 1891, and the Byzantine tradition.

InternalThe unusual christological expression invites replacement with the more familiar Lord or simple spirit, favoring the distinctive default.

Project defaultthe spirit of Jesus

Project default

WitnessesSpirit of Jesus · P74, א, A, B, C², D, E, Ψ, 33, 1739
Alternativethe spirit of the Lord

Alternative

WitnessesSpirit of the Lord · C* and limited versional support
Alternativethe spirit

Responsible alternative

WitnessesThe spirit · H, L, P, 81c, 945, 1891, Byzantine tradition

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

← All Acts 16 records

Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.