chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry
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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
Acts 19
John707 recordsMark525 recordsMatthew987 recordsLuke929 recordsActs1146 records1 Thessalonians67 recordsGalatians138 records1 Corinthians357 records2 Corinthians250 recordsRomans340 recordsPhilippians84 recordsPhilemon22 recordsColossians74 recordsEphesians121 records2 Thessalonians36 records1 Timothy86 records1 Peter90 records2 Peter61 records1 John107 records2 John10 records3 John13 recordsJude23 recordsRevelation324 records
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acts.19.ac19BothAll
κατακυριεύσας ἀμφοτέρων
TEXTBOUNDARYmoderate confidence
Whom did the possessed man overpower?
The earliest wording says ‘both,’ creating tension with the seven sons in verse 14; later witnesses smooth it to ‘all.’
Why this default
The difficult “both” reading is default because it is preserved by the earliest papyrus and major codices even though verse 14 has named seven sons. “All” resolves that numerical tension and is readily explained as scribal smoothing; “the whole group” interprets the all reading rather than representing a third Greek form.
Evidence
Externalἀμφοτέρων (“both”) is supported by P74, א, A, B, and D; πάντων (“all”) is supported by E, Ψ, 33, and the Byzantine tradition.
InternalBecause “both” appears to conflict with the seven sons named in verse 14, copyists had a clear reason to replace it with “all.” The reverse change would create a difficulty without an obvious motive.
Project defaultoverpowered both of them
Earliest difficult reading
Witnessesἀμφοτέρων · P74, א, A, B, DAlternativeoverpowered them all
Smoothed textual reading
Witnessesπάντων · E, Ψ, 33, Byzantine traditionAlternativeoverpowered the whole group
Referential rendering
Witnessesπάντων · interpretive rendering of the all readingRecord integrity
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