DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

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leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

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public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Acts 20

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acts.20.ac20WithJoy

μετὰ χαρᾶς

TEXThigh confidence

Does Paul say he will finish his course ‘with joy’?

If included, the phrase describes the joyful manner in which Paul completes his course.

Why this default

‘With joy’ is absent from the earliest and most diverse witnesses and reads as a natural devotional amplification.

Evidence

ExternalThe shorter text is supported by P74, א, A, B, C, D, 33 and early versions. ‘With joy’ appears in E and the later Byzantine tradition.

InternalThe phrase supplies an edifying manner for finishing the course but is not required by the syntax; addition is more likely than broad early omission.

Project defaultOmit

Project default

WitnessesWithout ‘with joy’ · P74, א, A, B, C, D, 33, early versions
Alternativewith joy

Later addition

WitnessesWith joy · E, later Byzantine tradition
Alternativejoyfully

Responsible alternative

WitnessesJoyfully · idiomatic rendering of longer reading

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.