DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

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leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

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public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Acts 8

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acts.8.ac8SpiritSnatched

πνεῦμα κυρίου / expanded Spirit-and-angel reading

TEXTTRANSLATIONhigh confidence

What happened when they came out of the water?

Most witnesses say the Lord’s spirit snatched Philip away; an expanded stream first places the Holy Spirit upon the eunuch and then has an angel carry Philip.

Why this default

The shorter reading is default because it has broad early support and readily explains the expanded form, which adds both the Spirit’s descent upon the eunuch and an angelic agent for Philip’s removal.

Evidence

ExternalThe shorter text has broad early support; a secondary stream adds the Spirit upon the eunuch and changes Philip's remover to an angel.

InternalThe expansion supplies an explicit charismatic result for the eunuch and clarifies the narrative transition.

Project defaultthe spirit of the Lord snatched Philip away

Project default

Witnessesp45, p74, א, A*, B, C, E, L, P, Ψ, Byzantine tradition
Alternativethe holy spirit fell upon the eunuch, and an angel of the Lord carried Philip away

Expanded reading

WitnessesAᶜ, 36, 94, 103, 307, 323, 453, 610, 945, 1739 and versions
Alternativethe Lord’s spirit suddenly carried Philip away

Force-explicit rendering

Witnessessame shorter reading

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.