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Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
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Translation record
Galatians 4
John707 recordsMark525 recordsMatthew987 recordsLuke929 recordsActs1146 records1 Thessalonians67 recordsGalatians138 records1 Corinthians357 records2 Corinthians250 recordsRomans340 recordsPhilippians84 recordsPhilemon22 recordsColossians74 recordsEphesians121 records2 Thessalonians36 records1 Timothy86 records1 Peter90 records2 Peter61 records1 John107 records2 John10 records3 John13 recordsJude23 recordsRevelation324 records
galatians.4.gal4MotherText
μήτηρ ἡμῶν / μήτηρ πάντων ἡμῶν
TEXThigh confidence
Is the Jerusalem above ‘our mother’ or ‘mother of us all’?
The added word explicitly widens the family claim to everyone in view, while the possessive ‘our’ already joins Paul and his hearers to Jerusalem above.
Why this default
‘Our mother’ is default because SBLGNT agrees with Westcott-Hort, Tregelles, and NA28; Robinson-Pierpont adds ‘all.’
Evidence
ExternalSBLGNT apparatus: μήτηρ — WH, Treg, NA28; μήτηρ πάντων — RP.
InternalAdding ‘all’ makes the Jerusalem-above community maximally explicit and is a natural expansion; ‘our mother’ already includes Paul and his audience without it.
Project defaultour mother
Project default · shorter reading
Witnessesμήτηρ ἡμῶν · SBLGNT; WH, Treg, NA28Alternativemother of us all
Robinson-Pierpont expansion
Witnessesμήτηρ πάντων ἡμῶν · RPAlternativea mother to us
Shorter reading · relation naturalized
Record integrity
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The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.
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