DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

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public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

John 10

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john.10.fatherGift

ὁ πατήρ μου ὃ/ὃς δέδωκέν μοι πάντων μεῖζον/μείζων

TEXTGRAMMARTRANSLATIONunresolved confidence

Who—or what—is greater than all in verse 29?

The variant changes the grammatical subject of ‘greater than all,’ but every reading supports the following claim that no one can seize the sheep from the Father’s hand.

Why this default

The difficult neuter reading is the working default because it best explains why scribes repeatedly regularized the grammar toward the Father as subject. The evidence is unusually divided, so every principal construal remains selectable.

Evidence

ExternalB* and much early Latin evidence support the neuter gift-reading; P66 and a wide Greek tradition support the masculine Father-reading; other major codices preserve mixed forms.

InternalOnly one Greek letter separates ‘who’ from ‘what,’ and vowel exchange can change ‘greater’ from masculine to neuter. The difficult reading could readily generate the smoother alternatives.

Project defaultWhat my Father has given me is greater than all

Project default · difficult early form

Witnessesὃ… μεῖζον · B*, much Old Latin/Vulgate, Coptic support
AlternativeMy Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all

Widespread ancient form

Witnessesὃς… μείζων · P66, K, M, Δ, Π, families 1/13, Byzantine tradition
AlternativeMy Father—what he has given me—is greater than all

Ancient mixed form

WitnessesMixed form · א, D, L, W, Ψ
AlternativeMy Father / what my Father gave me is greater than all

Variant remains open in-line

WitnessesDisplay option · principal grammatical readings shown

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.