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John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
John 10
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john.10.knowAgain
ἵνα γνῶτε καὶ γινώσκητε / πιστεύσητε
TEXTGRAMMARTRANSLATIONhigh confidence
What result should the works produce in verse 38?
The earliest witnesses support two forms of the same verb: ‘know and keep knowing.’ Many later witnesses replace the awkward repetition with ‘know and believe.’
Why this default
‘Know and keep knowing’ is default because the awkward repetition has the earliest and strongest manuscript support and readily explains the smoother later alternatives.
Evidence
ExternalThe repeated know-reading is supported by P45, P66, P75, B, L and others; ‘know and believe’ appears in א, A and much of the later tradition.
InternalCopyists had a clear reason to replace or omit the repeated verb; there is little reason to create the awkward repetition from the smoother wording.
Project defaultso that you may know and keep knowing
Project default · earliest strong reading
Witnessesγνῶτε καὶ γινώσκητε · P45, P66, P75, B, L, ΘAlternativeso that you may know and believe
Later major reading
Witnessesγνῶτε καὶ πιστεύσητε · א, A, K, Δ, Π, Ψ, later traditionAlternativeso that you may know and understand
Interpretive smoothing
WitnessesEnglish interpretive rendering of the repeated know-verbsAlternativeso that you may know and [keep knowing/believe]
Variant visible in-line
WitnessesDisplay option · both Greek readings shownRecord integrity
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The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.
Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.