DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

1,738

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

John 11

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john.11.lifeClause11

ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωή / ἡ ἀνάστασις

TEXTTRANSLATIONhigh confidence

Does Jesus say ‘the resurrection and the life’?

Nearly the whole Greek tradition includes ‘and the life.’ P45 and limited ancient support preserve the shorter ‘I am the resurrection.’

Why this default

The full saying is default because it has overwhelming early and broad support; P45’s shorter reading remains exposed as a genuine ancient textual fork.

Evidence

ExternalThe full clause is supported by P66, P75, א, A, B, C, D and the broad tradition; the shorter form appears in P45 with limited versional support.

InternalEither accidental loss or liturgical expansion is possible, but the full form’s early, diverse attestation is decisive for the working text.

Project defaultI am the resurrection and the life

Project default · overwhelming early and broad support

Witnessesἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωή · P66, P75, א, A, B, C, D
AlternativeI am the resurrection

P45 shorter reading

Witnessesἡ ἀνάστασις · P45, limited ancient versional support
AlternativeI am the resurrection [and the life]

Variant visible in-line

WitnessesDisplay option · disputed words bracketed

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.