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John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
John 13
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john.13.signal13
πυθέσθαι… / καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ
TEXTGRAMMARTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence
What did Peter signal the beloved disciple to do?
The witnesses preserve an indirect request to inquire, a direct command ‘Tell us,’ and a combined form in Sinaiticus.
Why this default
The inquiry reading is default because its rare optative construction is difficult and has broad support; the direct command is smoother, while Sinaiticus combines both.
Evidence
ExternalInquire: P66 corrected, A, D, K, W, Δ, Θ and broad tradition; direct command: B, C, L, X, 068, 33; combined: א.
InternalCopyists had reason to simplify the rare optative; combination naturally preserves both encountered readings.
Project defaultsignals to him to inquire who it might be
Project default · difficult optative form
Witnessesπυθέσθαι τίς ἂν εἴη · P66c, A, D, K, W, Δ, ΘAlternativesignals and says to him, ‘Tell us who it is’
Alexandrian direct-command form
Witnessesκαὶ λέγει… Εἰπὲ τίς ἐστιν · B, C, L, X, 068, 33Alternativesignals to inquire and says, ‘Tell us who it is’
Sinaiticus combined form
WitnessesCombined form · אAlternativesignals to him [to inquire / saying, ‘Tell us’] who it is
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