chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry
The evidence beneath the English
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John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
John 17
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john.17.destruction17
ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας
GRAMMARTRANSLATIONhigh confidence
How should Judas’s title be rendered?
The idiom says ‘son of destruction,’ marking one characterized by and destined for apōleia—loss, ruin, or destruction.
Why this default
‘The son of destruction’ is default because it retains the compact Semitic-style genitive and the noun apōleia without deciding whether characterization, destiny, or both is primary. ‘The one destined for ruin’ explains one likely force but turns the idiom into an explicit interpretation.
Evidence
ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.
InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.
Project defaultthe son of destruction
Project default · Greek idiom
Alternativethe son of perdition
Traditional rendering
Alternativethe one destined for ruin
Meaning explained
Record integrity
One registry drives both the reader and this record.
The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.
Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.