DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

1,738

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

John 18

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john.18.sentConnector18

ἀπέστειλεν οὖν / δὲ / omit

TEXTBOUNDARYTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

How is Annas sending Jesus to Caiaphas connected?

The witnesses preserve ‘therefore,’ ‘but/and,’ and no connector. The event itself is stable; its discourse link is not.

Why this default

‘Therefore’ is the working default because it has early papyrus and strong codex support. The event is certain; only its connective framing varies.

Evidence

ExternalTherefore: P60, B, C*, L, N, W; but/and: א, 047 and versions; no connector: A, C³, D, E, 054.

InternalSmall discourse particles are readily altered to smooth narrative sequence; omission can also occur without changing the event.

Project defaultTherefore Annas sent him bound

Project default · strongest early form

Witnessesοὖν · P60, B, C*, L, N, W
AlternativeAnd Annas sent him bound

Alternative connector

Witnessesδέ · א, 047, Old Latin, Vulgate, Syriac
AlternativeAnnas sent him bound

No connector

Witnessesomit connector · A, C³, D, E, 054
Alternative[Therefore/and] Annas sent him bound

Fork visible in-line

WitnessesDisplay option · connective variants shown

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.