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The evidence beneath the English

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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

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chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

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public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

John 18

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john.18.shout18

ἐκραύγασαν οὖν πάλιν / πάντες / πάλιν πάντες

TEXTGRAMMARTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

Do they shout ‘back,’ do they all shout, or both?

The textual forms differ over whether the crowd shouts again, shouts as a whole, or carries both emphases while rejecting Jesus.

Why this default

‘Shouted back’ is default because palin has early and diverse support. The combined form is probably secondary, while P66 preserves the important alternative ‘they all.’

Evidence

ExternalBack/again: P60, א, B, L, W, 0109; all: P66, N and versions; both: A, D, E, 054 and later tradition.

InternalThe combined reading naturally preserves both encountered forms; either palin or pantes could arise by visual or contextual substitution.

Project defaultThen they shouted back

Project default · earliest diverse support

Witnessesπάλιν · P60, א, B, L, W, 0109
AlternativeThen they all shouted

P66 and versional reading

Witnessesπάντες · P66, N, Old Latin, Syriac, Coptic
AlternativeThen they all shouted back

Combined reading

Witnessesπάλιν πάντες · A, D, E, 054, later tradition
AlternativeThen [they all] shouted [back]

Fork visible in-line

WitnessesDisplay option · competing adverbs shown

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

← All John 18 records

Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.