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John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
John 18
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john.18.shout18
ἐκραύγασαν οὖν πάλιν / πάντες / πάλιν πάντες
TEXTGRAMMARTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence
Do they shout ‘back,’ do they all shout, or both?
The manuscripts divide among palin, ‘back/again,’ pantes, ‘all,’ and the combined form.
Why this default
‘Shouted back’ is default because palin has early and diverse support. The combined form is probably secondary, while P66 preserves the important alternative ‘they all.’
Evidence
ExternalBack/again: P60, א, B, L, W, 0109; all: P66, N and versions; both: A, D, E, 054 and later tradition.
InternalThe combined reading naturally preserves both encountered forms; either palin or pantes could arise by visual or contextual substitution.
Project defaultThen they shouted back
Project default · earliest diverse support
Witnessesπάλιν · P60, א, B, L, W, 0109AlternativeThen they all shouted
P66 and versional reading
Witnessesπάντες · P66, N, Old Latin, Syriac, CopticAlternativeThen they all shouted back
Combined reading
Witnessesπάλιν πάντες · A, D, E, 054, later traditionAlternativeThen [they all] shouted [back]
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WitnessesDisplay option · competing adverbs shownRecord integrity
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