chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry
The evidence beneath the English
Every consequential choice
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John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable
standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
John 19
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john.19.above19
δεδομένον σοι ἄνωθεν
GRAMMARTRANSLATIONhigh confidence
From where does Pilate’s authority come?
Anōthen can mean from above or from the beginning. Here the passive gift of authority points vertically to a higher source.
Why this default
‘Given to you from above’ is default because it retains anōthen and the passive gift of authority without inserting an unexpressed agent. The context strongly permits God as the source, but ‘by God’ resolves an inference that the Greek leaves in vertical source-language.
Evidence
ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.
InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.
Project defaultgiven to you from above
Project default · source retained
Alternativegiven to you by God
Source interpreted
Alternativegranted to you by a higher authority
Political-theological openness
Record integrity
One registry drives both the reader and this record.
The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.
Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.