chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry
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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
John 19
John707 recordsMark525 recordsMatthew987 recordsLuke929 recordsActs1146 records1 Thessalonians67 recordsGalatians138 records1 Corinthians357 records2 Corinthians250 recordsRomans340 recordsPhilippians84 recordsPhilemon22 recordsColossians74 recordsEphesians121 records2 Thessalonians36 records1 Timothy86 records1 Peter90 records2 Peter61 records1 John107 records2 John10 records3 John13 recordsJude23 recordsRevelation324 records
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john.19.approach19
καὶ ἤρχοντο πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ
TEXTTRANSLATIONhigh confidence
Does the text say the soldiers repeatedly approached Jesus?
The disputed words determine whether the soldiers’ repeated approach toward Jesus is narrated explicitly between the mock greeting and the blows.
Why this default
The approach clause is default because it has excellent early and diverse support. Its omission is readily explained by eye-skip across repeated ‘and’ phrases.
Evidence
ExternalInclude: P60vid, P66, P90, א, B, L, N, W and broad versions; omit: A, D, E, 054 and later tradition.
InternalThe sequence ‘him and… him and’ creates a classic parablepsis environment for accidental omission.
Project defaultThey kept coming toward him and saying
Project default · early fuller reading
Witnessesκαὶ ἤρχοντο πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ · P60vid, P66, P90, א, B, L, N, WAlternativeThey were saying
Shorter later reading
Witnessesomit approach clause · A, D, E, 054, later traditionAlternative[They kept coming toward him and] saying
Fork visible in-line
WitnessesDisplay option · omitted clause bracketedRecord integrity
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Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.