chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry
The evidence beneath the English
Every consequential choice
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John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable
standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
John 19
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john.19.seat19
ἐκάθισεν ἐπὶ βήματος
GRAMMARBOUNDARYTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence
Who sits on the judgment seat—Pilate or Jesus?
Kathizō may be intransitive, ‘sat down,’ or causative, ‘seated him.’ The grammar and scene permit a real interpretive fork.
Why this default
Pilate sitting is default because it is the most common intransitive use in a judicial scene. The causative reading remains open because the same verb can mean ‘seat’ and creates deliberate Johannine irony.
Evidence
ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.
InternalThe explicit subject is Pilate, but Greek permits him either to sit or to seat Jesus; no manuscript spelling resolves the syntax.
Project defaultand he sat down on the judgment seat
Project default · Pilate as subject
Alternativeand he seated him on the judgment seat
Jesus enthroned in irony
Alternativeand [he sat/he seated him] on the judgment seat
Grammar fork visible
Record integrity
One registry drives both the reader and this record.
The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.
Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.