DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

1,738

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

John 20

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john.20.rabbouniText20

λέγει αὐτῷ Ἑβραϊστί / λέγει αὐτῷ

TEXTTRANSLATIONhigh confidence

Does the text explicitly say Mary spoke ‘in Hebrew’ ?

The earliest broad stream includes the language marker. A later stream omits it, leaving only her address to Jesus.

Why this default

‘In Hebrew’ is default because it has broad early support and explains why the narrator translates Rabbouni. Omission is widespread later but secondary.

Evidence

ExternalInclude: א, B, D, L, N, W and early versions; omit: A, E, Latin witnesses and later tradition.

InternalThe language marker can be dropped as unnecessary once the name’s translation is supplied; adding it would be less automatic.

Project defaultsays to him in Hebrew, ‘Rabbouni!’—which means Teacher

Project default · early fuller text

Witnessesαὐτῷ Ἑβραϊστί · א, B, D, L, N, W, Syriac, Coptic, Armenian
Alternativesays to him, ‘Rabbouni!’—which means Teacher

Later shorter text

Witnessesαὐτῷ · A, E, Old Latin, Vulgate, later tradition
Alternativesays to him [in Hebrew], ‘Rabbouni!’—Teacher

Fork visible in-line

WitnessesDisplay option · language marker bracketed

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.