DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

John 20

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john.20.stone20

ἠρμένον ἐκ τοῦ μνημείου

GRAMMARTRANSLATIONhigh confidence

What had happened to the stone?

The displaced stone is the first visible sign that leads Mary to conclude the body has been taken from the tomb.

Why this default

‘Having been removed from the tomb’ is default because the perfect passive emphasizes the stone’s resulting state away from the entrance without naming an agent or method. ‘Lifted’ preserves the aireō image, while ‘rolled’ imports the motion familiar from other accounts rather than John’s verb.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaulthaving been removed from the tomb

Project default · resulting state

Alternativehaving been lifted away from the tomb

Verb image retained

Alternativerolled away from the tomb

Motion inferred

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.