DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

1,738

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

John 21

Download complete JSON record

john.21.amen21

βιβλία / βιβλία ἀμήν

TEXTBOUNDARYhigh confidence

Does the Gospel end with ‘Amen’ ?

The earliest broad text ends with ‘books.’ A later stream adds Amen as a liturgical closing.

Why this default

Omission is default because the earliest and widest witnesses end with ‘books.’ Amen is a recognizable liturgical and scribal closing added in part of the later tradition.

Evidence

ExternalNo Amen: א, A, B, C², D, W and broad versions; Amen: C*, E, some Latin, Vulgate, and later tradition.

InternalAmen is commonly added to close a book used in worship; its omission from such broad early evidence is difficult to explain if original.

Project defaultthe books that would be written

Project default · early ending

Witnessesβιβλία · א, A, B, C², D, W, Latin, Syriac, Coptic
Alternativethe books that would be written. Amen

Later liturgical close

Witnessesβιβλία ἀμήν · C*, E, Old Latin, Vulgate, later tradition
Alternativethe books that would be written. [Amen]

Fork visible in-line

WitnessesDisplay option · liturgical close bracketed

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

← All John 21 records

Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.