DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
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John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

1,738

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

John 21

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john.21.testimony21

οἴδαμεν ὅτι ἀληθὴς αὐτοῦ ἡ μαρτυρία

GRAMMARTRANSLATIONhigh confidence

Who affirms the beloved disciple’s testimony?

The text shifts to ‘we know,’ introducing a communal voice that validates the disciple who witnesses and wrote.

Why this default

‘We know that his witness is true’ is default because it preserves the abrupt plural oidamen and the distinction between the disciple who witnesses/writes and the communal voice affirming him. Naming ‘our community’ explains the likely speaker-group but adds an identity the text leaves unstated.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaultand we know that his witness is true

Project default · plural voice

Alternativeand our community knows his testimony is true

Group made explicit

Alternativeand we recognize his testimony as reliable

Epistemic force

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.