DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

1,738

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

John 4

Download complete JSON record

john.4.judeans

οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι · hoi Ioudaioi

TRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

Who sent the priests and Levites?

Ioudaioi can identify Jews generally, people from Judea, or—in this narrative setting—the Judean religious authorities. English must choose how much context to supply.

Why this default

“The Judeans” is default because Ioudaioi can carry a geographic and regional identity in this setting and avoids turning a particular delegation into an undifferentiated statement about all Jews. “Authorities” fits the narrative role but supplies an institution not named directly by the noun.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaultthe Judeans

Project default · geographic identity retained

Alternativethe Jews

Traditional broad rendering

Alternativethe Judean authorities

Narrative institution foregrounded

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

← All John 4 records

Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.