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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
Luke 2
John707 recordsMark525 recordsMatthew987 recordsLuke929 recordsActs1146 records1 Thessalonians67 recordsGalatians138 records1 Corinthians357 records2 Corinthians250 recordsRomans340 recordsPhilippians84 recordsPhilemon22 recordsColossians74 recordsEphesians121 records2 Thessalonians36 records1 Timothy86 records1 Peter90 records2 Peter61 records1 John107 records2 John10 records3 John13 recordsJude23 recordsRevelation324 records
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luke.2.lk2ParentsKnew
οὐκ ἔγνωσαν οἱ γονεῖς αὐτοῦ / Ἰωσὴφ καὶ ἡ μήτηρ
TEXTTRANSLATIONhigh confidence
Who did not know Jesus remained behind?
The critical reading says ‘his parents.’ Some later witnesses name Joseph and his mother, again avoiding direct paternal language.
Why this default
‘His parents’ is retained as the compact early form; the named alternative looks like the same paternal-language clarification seen in verse 33.
Evidence
ExternalThe critical tradition supports οἱ γονεῖς αὐτοῦ; later witnesses preserve Joseph-and-mother forms.
InternalHarmonizing the parental designation with virgin-birth language explains the expansion.
Project defaulthis parents did not know it
Project default · early reading
Witnessesא B D L W Θ 33 579AlternativeJoseph and his mother did not know it
Later clarifying reading
WitnessesA C K P Γ Δ Ψ f13 ByzAlternative[his parents / Joseph and his mother] did not know it
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