DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Luke 21

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luke.21.lk21Plagues

λιμοὶ καὶ λοιμοί

TEXTTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

How are famine and pestilence ordered in the transmitted text?

Witnesses vary the order of the paired disasters; a Western expansion also adds storms.

Why this default

The familiar famine-then-pestilence order has strong early support, while other witnesses reverse the pair or preserve a Western expansion.

Evidence

ExternalFamines then pestilences: major early witnesses; reversed order: an alternative stream; expanded storms wording: Western witnesses.

InternalList order is readily harmonized, while the added storm term is characteristic expansion.

Project defaultfamines and plagues

Early order

Witnessesλιμοὶ καὶ λοιμοί — early witnesses
Alternativeplagues and famines

Alternative order

Witnessesλοιμοὶ καὶ λιμοί — alternative witnesses
Alternativefamines, plagues, and storms

Western expansion

Witnessesexpanded disaster list — Western witnesses

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.