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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
Luke 23
John707 recordsMark525 recordsMatthew987 recordsLuke929 recordsActs1146 records1 Thessalonians67 recordsGalatians138 records1 Corinthians357 records2 Corinthians250 recordsRomans340 recordsPhilippians84 recordsPhilemon22 recordsColossians74 recordsEphesians121 records2 Thessalonians36 records1 Timothy86 records1 Peter90 records2 Peter61 records1 John107 records2 John10 records3 John13 recordsJude23 recordsRevelation324 records
144 records236 records330 records433 records530 records637 records738 records842 records947 records1042 records1144 records1245 records1335 records1435 records1532 records1629 records1732 records1839 records1942 records2039 records2137 records2253 records2344 records2444 records
luke.23.lk23ForgiveText
Πάτερ, ἄφες αὐτοῖς
TEXTTRANSLATIONlow confidence
Does Luke include Jesus' prayer for forgiveness in verse 34?
The prayer is ancient and distinctly Lukan in theme but absent from several major early witnesses; both deliberate omission and early insertion have been argued.
Why this default
The forgiveness prayer is included by default because it is ancient, broadly transmitted, and deeply coherent with Luke, though significant early omission keeps confidence low.
Evidence
ExternalInclusion: א, A, C, D2, L, Ψ, 0250, family 1, family 13, 33 and Byzantine witnesses; omission: P75, B, D*, W, Θ, 070, 579, 1241 and some early versions.
InternalThe saying is uniquely Lukan in theme and has no direct Synoptic source for harmonization, but its edifying character could attract insertion; deliberate omission amid anti-Judean interpretation is also plausible.
Project defaultJesus was saying, ‘Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.’
Project default · ancient prayer
Witnessesὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ... τί ποιοῦσιν — א, A, C, D2, L, Ψ, 0250, f1, f13, 33, Byzantine witnessesAlternative[Jesus’ prayer for forgiveness is absent.]
Shorter text
Witnessesomission of the prayer — P75, B, D*, W, Θ, 070, 579, 1241Alternative[Jesus was saying, ‘Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.’]
Ancient prayer visibly bracketed
Record integrity
One registry drives both the reader and this record.
The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.
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