DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

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leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

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public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Luke 23

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luke.23.lk23Spectacle

γνωστοὶ αὐτῷ / γνωστοὶ αὐτοῦ

TEXTTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

How are Jesus’ acquaintances identified?

The witnesses differ between those known to him and his acquaintances.

Why this default

Known to him is retained on P75, A, B, L, and 070; his acquaintances is later.

Evidence

ExternalDative: P75, A, B, L, 070; possessive: א, C, D, W, Θ, Ψ, Byzantine.

InternalThe possessive naturally normalizes the construction.

Project defaultAll those known to him stood at a distance

Early dative reading

Witnessesγνωστοὶ αὐτῷ — P75, A, B, L, 070
AlternativeAll his acquaintances stood at a distance

Possessive reading

Witnessesγνωστοὶ αὐτοῦ — א, C, D, W, Θ, Ψ, Byzantine
AlternativeAll the people acquainted with him stood at a distance

Translation of dative reading

WitnessesTranslation option based on the dative

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.