DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

1,738

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Mark 1

Download complete JSON record

mark.1.m1Baptism

βάπτισμα μετανοίας

GRAMMARTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

How should John’s baptism be rendered?

Baptisma carries immersion language; metanoia is a changed mind and direction, not mere regret.

Why this default

‘A baptism of repentance’ is the working default because it preserves the established names of both the rite and metanoia without expanding either into a complete interpretation. ‘Immersion of turning’ exposes their underlying images, but ‘turning’ alone can hide metanoia’s changed mind and ‘immersion’ can overstate what one English ritual term must convey.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaulta baptism of repentance

Project default · familiar, direct

Alternativean immersion of turning

Greek images foregrounded

Alternativean immersion marking a change of mind

Sense unpacked

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

← All Mark 1 records

Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.