chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry
The evidence beneath the English
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John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
Mark 14
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mark.14.m14Curse
ἀναθεματίζειν καὶ ὀμνύναι
CULTUREGRAMMARTRANSLATIONhigh confidence
What does Peter begin to do?
The verbs mean invoke a curse and swear an oath, intensifying the denial rather than merely using profanity.
Why this default
‘Invoke a curse and swear’ is default because anathematizein and omnynai name two escalating acts: calling down a curse and binding speech by oath. Compact ‘curse and swear’ can sound like profanity, while the self-imprecation option specifies the curse’s target more than Mark does.
Evidence
ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.
InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.
Project defaultinvoke a curse and swear
Project default · acts distinguished
Alternativecurse and swear
Compact English
Alternativebind himself by curses and oaths
Self-imprecation explicit
Record integrity
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The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.
Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.