DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

1,738

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Mark 15

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mark.15.m15Golgotha

Γολγοθᾶν ... Κρανίου Τόπος

LANGUAGECULTURETRANSLATIONhigh confidence

How should Mark’s place-name and explanation appear?

Mark preserves the Semitic name Golgotha and then translates its meaning for Greek readers.

Why this default

‘Golgotha, which is translated “Place of a Skull”’ is default because Mark deliberately retains the Semitic place-name and supplies its meaning for Greek readers. Either name alone removes one of those two textual layers; the compact bilingual option alters the explanatory syntax.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaultGolgotha, which is translated ‘Place of a Skull’

Project default · both layers

Alternativethe Place of the Skull

Meaning only

AlternativeGolgotha—the Skull Place

Compact bilingual form

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.