DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

1,738

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Mark 7

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mark.7.m7Beyond

ὑπερπερισσῶς ἐξεπλήσσοντο

GRAMMARTRANSLATIONhigh confidence

How intense is the crowd’s astonishment?

Mark stacks intensifiers: hyperperissōs means beyond measure or exceedingly beyond, and ekplēssō describes being struck out of one’s normal state.

Why this default

‘Astonished beyond measure’ is default because it carries hyperperissōs’s stacked excess into readable English while retaining ekplēssō’s astonishment. The doubled-adverb option exposes more formal intensity but becomes cumbersome enough to distract from the reaction.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaultastonished beyond measure

Project default · stacked force

Alternativeoverwhelmingly amazed

Natural intensity

Alternativeexceedingly, extraordinarily astonished

Intensifiers exposed

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.