DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Mark 9

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mark.9.m9Prayer

ἐν προσευχῇ / ἐν προσευχῇ καὶ νηστείᾳ

TEXTTRANSLATIONhigh confidence

Does this kind come out by prayer alone or prayer and fasting?

In private, Jesus explains to the disciples why they could not expel this particular kind of spirit.

Why this default

Prayer alone is default because the shortest form has the strongest early support. ‘And fasting’ is an ancient ascetic expansion that became dominant later.

Evidence

ExternalPrayer alone is supported by א*, B and important early witnesses; prayer and fasting by א², A, C, D, K, W, Θ and the Byzantine tradition.

InternalFasting naturally entered beside prayer as a paired spiritual discipline; coordinated early removal is less likely.

Project defaultby prayer

Project default · shorter early reading

Witnessesἐν προσευχῇ · א*, B and early support
Alternativeby prayer and fasting

Ancient expanded reading

Witnessesἐν προσευχῇ καὶ νηστείᾳ · א², A, C, D, K, W, Θ, Byzantine tradition
Alternativeby prayer [and fasting]

Fork visible in-line

WitnessesDisplay option · added discipline bracketed

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.