DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

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chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

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public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Matthew 12

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matthew.12.mt12BlindMute

τυφλὸν καὶ κωφόν / κωφόν

TEXTTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

Was the man described as blind and mute, or only mute?

The healing itself is stable; the manuscript tradition divides over the additional blindness language and corresponding ‘saw’ in the result.

Why this default

The fuller description is the working default because it is broadly attested and explains both speaking and seeing. Every option retains the stable healing clause; the shorter descriptive reading has exceptionally early support and remains fully selectable.

Evidence

ExternalShort ‘mute’ form: א, B, D, 892, 983, 1424 and early versions; blind-and-mute forms: C, L, W, Δ, Θ, 0281, families 1/13 and the broad later tradition.

InternalThe paired healing may have been expanded for symmetry, while omission of the blindness phrases at two points is also possible through coordinated shortening.

Project defaultblind and mute. And he healed him, so that the mute man spoke and saw

Project default · broad reading

Witnessesτυφλὸν καὶ κωφόν ... λαλεῖν καὶ βλέπειν · C, L, W, Δ, Θ, broad tradition
Alternativemute. And he healed him, so that the mute man spoke

Short early reading

Witnessesκωφόν ... λαλεῖν · א, B, D, 892, 983, 1424, early versions
Alternative[blind and] mute. And he healed him, so that he spoke [and saw]

Fork visible in-line

WitnessesDisplay option · disputed words bracketed

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.