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John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
Matthew 14
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matthew.14.mt14Wind
τὸν ἄνεμον / τὸν ἄνεμον ἰσχυρόν
TEXTTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence
Did Peter see the wind or the strong wind?
The shorter wording has exceptionally early support; ‘strong’ is ancient and widespread, with an even stronger expansion in a few witnesses.
Why this default
The shorter ‘wind’ is default because it has exceptionally early support and naturally explains intensifying additions. ‘Strong wind’ is ancient and widespread.
Evidence
ExternalWind: א, B*, 073, 33 and important versional support; strong wind: B², C, D, K, L, W, Θ, families 1/13 and the broad tradition; ‘exceedingly strong’ appears in a small stream.
InternalAdding ‘strong’ heightens the danger and smooths why Peter feared; further intensification confirms that expansion tendency.
Project defaultseeing the wind, he became afraid
Project default · shorter early form
Witnessesἄνεμον · א, B*, 073, 33Alternativeseeing the strong wind, he became afraid
Broad longer form
Witnessesἄνεμον ἰσχυρόν · B², C, D, K, L, W, Θ, broad traditionAlternativeseeing the exceedingly strong wind, he became afraid
Heightened variant
Witnessesἄνεμον ἰσχυρὸν σφόδρα · W-associated/versional supportAlternativeseeing the [strong] wind, he became afraid
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WitnessesDisplay option · adjective bracketedRecord integrity
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