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John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
Matthew 17
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matthew.17.mt17Verse21
τοῦτο δὲ τὸ γένος ... προσευχῇ καὶ νηστείᾳ
TEXTBOUNDARYTRANSLATIONhigh confidence
Does verse 21 belong in Matthew?
The whole sentence about prayer and fasting is absent from the earliest principal witnesses and closely resembles the parallel tradition in Mark 9:29.
Why this default
Omission is default because the whole verse is absent from the strongest early witnesses and its wording is readily explained as assimilation to the exorcism tradition in Mark 9:29.
Evidence
ExternalOmitted by א, B, Θ, 0281, 33, 579, 892* and important early versions; included by C, D, K, L, W, family 1, family 13 and the broad later tradition, with some variation over ‘and fasting.’
InternalA saying about prayer—and later fasting—could enter Matthew from the parallel account or a marginal liturgical note. Accidental loss of an entire independent sentence is less likely.
Project default[Verse 21 is absent]
Project default · earliest strong omission
WitnessesWhole verse absent · א, B, Θ, 0281, 33, 579, 892*AlternativeBut this kind does not go out except by prayer and fasting
Broad later inclusion
WitnessesVerse present · C, D, K, L, W, families 1/13, broad traditionAlternative[But this kind does not go out except by prayer and fasting]
Fork visible in-line
WitnessesDisplay option · disputed verse bracketedRecord integrity
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