DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

1,738

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Matthew 2

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matthew.2.mt2Star

τὸν ἀστέρα ... ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ

IDIOMCOSMOLOGYTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

Where did the magi see the star?

En tē anatolē can mean ‘in the east’ or ‘at its rising.’ In ancient astronomical language, ‘at its rising’ is a strong possibility.

Why this default

‘His star at its rising’ is default because en tē anatolē is established ancient astronomical language for a star’s first visible rising and explains what prompted the journey. ‘In the east’ is grammatically possible but creates tension with observers already located east of Judea, while ‘the rising of his star’ foregrounds the event by recasting the syntax.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaulthis star at its rising

Project default · astronomical idiom

Alternativehis star in the east

Geographic reading

Alternativethe rising of his star

Event foregrounded

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.