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John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
Matthew 20
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matthew.20.mt20Verse16
[πολλοὶ γάρ εἰσιν κλητοί, ὀλίγοι δὲ ἐκλεκτοί]
TEXTBOUNDARYTRANSLATIONhigh confidence
Does the parable end with ‘many called, few chosen’?
The earliest witnesses end with the first-last reversal. The maxim is ancient but is securely present in Matthew 22:14 and was likely copied here.
Why this default
The shorter ending is default because the earliest witnesses stop after the first-last reversal. The added maxim is securely present at Matthew 22:14, providing a transparent source for harmonization.
Evidence
ExternalOmit maxim: א, B, L, Z, 085 and Sahidic Coptic; include: C, D, W, Θ, family 1, 33 and the broad later tradition.
Internal‘Many called, few chosen’ sounds like a memorable conclusion and could easily migrate here from 22:14. Its omission from multiple early streams is difficult to explain if original.
Project defaultSo the last will be first, and the first last
Project default · earliest shorter form
Witnessesends ἔσχατοι καὶ οἱ ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι · א, B, L, Z, 085AlternativeSo the last will be first, and the first last; for many are called, but few chosen
Later expanded form
Witnessesadds πολλοὶ γάρ εἰσιν κλητοί, ὀλίγοι δὲ ἐκλεκτοί · C, D, W, Θ, f¹, 33, later traditionAlternativeSo the last will be first, and the first last [for many are called, but few chosen]
Fork visible in-line
WitnessesDisplay option · maxim bracketedRecord integrity
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