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John, Mark, Matthew, and Luke were developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Matthew 23

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01
ἐπὶ τῆς Μωϋσέως καθέδραςWhere have the scribes and Pharisees seated themselves?
02
λέγουσιν γὰρ καὶ οὐ ποιοῦσινWhat contrast grounds Jesus’ warning?
03
φορτία βαρέα [καὶ δυσβάστακτα]How burdensome are the loads they bind?
04
τῷ δὲ δακτύλῳ αὐτῶνHow little help will they give?
05
πλατύνουσιν ... τὰ φυλακτήριαWhat do they broaden?
06
μεγαλύνουσιν τὰ κράσπεδαWhat garment feature do they enlarge?
07
ῥαββίWhat title do they love to receive?
08
εἷς ... ὁ διδάσκαλος / ὁ καθηγητής [ὁ Χριστός]Who is the disciples’ one teacher in verse 8?
09
πατέρα μὴ καλέσητε ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆςHow direct is the command about ‘father’?
10
καθηγηταί ... καθηγητὴς ... ὁ ΧριστόςHow should kathēgētēs be rendered?
11
ταπεινώσει ... ταπεινώσειWhat reciprocal reversal does Jesus state?
12
κλείετε τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶνWhat do the leaders do to the kingdom?
13
[οὐαὶ ... κατεσθίετε τὰς οἰκίας τῶν χηρῶν]Does Matthew include the woe about devouring widows’ houses?
14
προσήλυτονWhom do they travel to make?
15
υἱὸν γεέννης διπλότερον ὑμῶνWhat does the convert become?
16
ὁδηγοὶ τυφλοίHow should the repeated accusation sound?
17
ὁ χρυσὸς τοῦ ναοῦWhat gold is supposedly oath-binding?
18
τίς γὰρ μείζων ἐστίνHow should the repeated oath-logic question sound?
19
ὀμόσας ... ὀμνύειWhat does an oath by altar, sanctuary, or heaven encompass?
20
τὸ ἡδύοσμον καὶ τὸ ἄνηθον καὶ τὸ κύμινονWhich garden herbs do they tithe?
21
τὰ βαρύτερα τοῦ νόμουWhat have they abandoned?
22
διϋλίζοντες τὸν κώνωπα ... καταπίνοντες τὴν κάμηλονHow should the gnat-and-camel contrast be rendered?
23
ἁρπαγῆς καὶ ἀκρασίας / ἀδικίαςWhat fills the inside of the cup and dish?
24
καθάρισον πρῶτον τὸ ἐντὸςWhat must be cleaned first?
25
τάφοις κεκονιαμένοιςWhat are they compared with?
26
ὑποκρίσεως καὶ ἀνομίαςWhat fills them inwardly?
27
πληρώσατε ... τὸ μέτρον τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶνHow should the command about their ancestors’ measure sound?
28
ὄφεις, γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶνHow should the doubled serpent insult sound?
29
τῆς κρίσεως τῆς γεέννηςWhat judgment can they not escape?
30
προφήτας καὶ σοφοὺς καὶ γραμματεῖςWhom will Jesus send?
31
μαστιγώσετε ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖςWhat will happen in the synagogues?
32
πᾶν αἷμα δίκαιον ἐκχυννόμενονWhat blood is said to come upon them?
33
Ζαχαρίου υἱοῦ ΒαραχίουDoes the text identify Zechariah as ‘son of Barachiah’?
34
ἐπὶ τὴν γενεὰν ταύτηνUpon whom will these things come?
35
Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἸερουσαλήμHow should the doubled address be voiced?
36
ὄρνις ἐπισυνάγει τὰ νοσσία ... ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγαςHow should the bird image be rendered?
37
ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν [ἔρημος]Is their house explicitly called desolate?
38
ἕως ἂν εἴπητεWhat marks the limit of not seeing Jesus?

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The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 450adc54c1fc782fbae5e9ed6a640a2ae0e3be080722ac134c84e1248c2a312a.

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