DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Philemon 1

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philemon.1.phlmUseful

ἄχρηστον ... εὔχρηστον

TRANSLATIONINTERPRETATIONmoderate confidence

How should the wordplay on Onesimus’s name be heard?

Onēsimos means useful or beneficial. Paul contrasts achrēstos, useless, with euchrēstos, useful, turning the man’s name into a claim about transformed relationship.

Why this default

Useful/useless leads because it lets English readers hear the contrast while the name Onesimus remains visible nearby; the alternatives explain benefit or make the name pun explicit.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaultformerly useless to you, but now useful both to you and to me

Project default · wordplay transparent

Alternativeonce of no benefit to you, but now truly beneficial to you and to me

Responsible alternative · name-pun force

Alternativeformerly un-Onesimus to you, but now Onesimus—useful to you and me

Name wordplay made explicit

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

← All Philemon 1 records

Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.