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Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
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Translation record
Philippians 2
John707 recordsMark525 recordsMatthew987 recordsLuke929 recordsActs1146 records1 Thessalonians67 recordsGalatians138 records1 Corinthians357 records2 Corinthians250 recordsRomans340 recordsPhilippians84 recordsPhilemon22 recordsColossians74 recordsEphesians121 records2 Thessalonians36 records1 Timothy86 records1 Peter90 records2 Peter61 records1 John107 records2 John10 records3 John13 recordsJude23 recordsRevelation324 records
philippians.2.phil2Emptied
ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν
TRANSLATIONINTERPRETATIONlow confidence
How should Christ’s self-emptying be expressed?
Kenoō literally means empty. The following participles explain the action through taking a slave’s form and becoming human rather than naming a divine attribute he discarded.
Why this default
The emptying metaphor leads because the following participles supply its manner without specifying a divine quality surrendered; the alternatives express its result or interpret it through self-giving service.
Evidence
ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.
InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.
Project defaultinstead, he emptied himself
Project default · metaphor retained
Alternativeinstead, he made himself nothing
Responsible alternative · idiomatic result
Alternativeinstead, he emptied himself through self-giving service
Following participles interpreted as the manner
Record integrity
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