chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry
The evidence beneath the English
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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.
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standardized inspectable Greek reference edition
Textual basis
SBL Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.
This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.
Translation record
Philippians 3
John707 recordsMark525 recordsMatthew987 recordsLuke929 recordsActs1146 records1 Thessalonians67 recordsGalatians138 records1 Corinthians357 records2 Corinthians250 recordsRomans340 recordsPhilippians84 recordsPhilemon22 recordsColossians74 recordsEphesians121 records2 Thessalonians36 records1 Timothy86 records1 Peter90 records2 Peter61 records1 John107 records2 John10 records3 John13 recordsJude23 recordsRevelation324 records
philippians.3.phil3Refuse
σκύβαλα
TRANSLATIONINTERPRETATIONlow confidence
How forcefully should skybala be rendered?
Skybala is deliberately contemptuous: refuse, garbage, or excrement. A polite rendering can understate Paul’s reversal, while an English vulgarism can over-specify register.
Why this default
‘Refuse’ leads because it carries strong contempt without forcing σκύβαλα into a single modern register; garbage and dung expose the term’s ordinary and bodily edges.
Evidence
ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.
InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.
Project defaultI consider them refuse, so that I may gain Christ
Project default · strong without added vulgarity
AlternativeI regard them as garbage, in order that I may gain Christ
Responsible alternative · contemporary force
AlternativeI count them as dung, that I may gain Christ
Responsible alternative · bodily contempt
Record integrity
One registry drives both the reader and this record.
The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.
Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.