DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Revelation 1

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revelation.1.rev12Testimony

τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

GENITIVECHRISTOLOGYTESTIMONYTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

Whose testimony did John bear witness to?

The genitive can mean testimony given by Jesus Christ or testimony concerning him. Alongside ‘the word of God,’ it most naturally names the testimony Jesus delivered, though the book also centers witness about Jesus.

Why this default

Its coordination with ‘the word of God’ favors testimony delivered by Jesus as the entrusted message John then bears witness to.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaultthe testimony given by Jesus Christ

Project default

Alternativethe testimony about Jesus Christ

Alternate rendering

Alternativethe testimony given by and about Jesus Christ

Third rendering

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.