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The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Revelation 12

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revelation.12.rev1216EarthHelp

ἤνοιξεν ... κατέπιεν

TRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

How does the earth rescue the woman?

The earth is personified: it opens its mouth and swallows the river from the dragon’s mouth.

Why this default

The literal earth, mouth, and swallowing imagery preserves the vision’s personification and directly reverses the dragon’s mouth-generated river.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaultthe earth opened its mouth and swallowed the river the dragon had poured from his mouth

Project default

Alternativethe ground opened wide and drank up the flood discharged from the dragon’s mouth

Alternate rendering

Alternativeit opened its mouth to swallow the river spewed by the dragon

Personified assistance foregrounded

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.