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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

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public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Revelation 12

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revelation.12.rev125MaleChild

υἱόν, ἄρσεν ... ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ

TRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

How is the woman’s child described?

The emphatic apposition calls him a son, a male, destined to shepherd all nations with an iron rod; he is caught up to God.

Why this default

The marked ‘son—a male child’ retains the emphatic apposition, and ‘shepherd’ preserves the Psalm 2 verb rather than reducing its iron-rod rule to generic governance.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaulta male child destined to shepherd all nations with an iron rod, who was then caught up to God and his throne

Project default

Alternativea male son destined to rule every nation with an iron staff, who was then snatched up to God and his throne

Alternate rendering

Alternativea son, emphatically male, who would shepherd every nation with an iron scepter and was then seized up to God

Apposition, royal task, and rescue retained

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.