DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Revelation 13

Download complete JSON record

revelation.13.rev138LifeBookBoundary

ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου

BOUNDARYTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

What does ‘from the foundation of the world’ modify?

Greek permits the closing phrase to be heard with the writing of the names or with the Lamb’s slaughter. The parallel in Revelation 17:8 favors attaching it to the names written.

Why this default

Attachment to the writing of the names is preferred because Revelation 17:8 uses the same foundation-of-the-world phrase with names written in the book, providing the author’s closest parallel.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaulteveryone not written from the world’s foundation in the slain Lamb’s book of life

Project default · attached to names written

Alternativeeveryone not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the world’s foundation

Alternate boundary · attached to slain

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

← All Revelation 13 records

Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.