DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Revelation 16

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revelation.16.rev1621Hail

χάλαζα ... ταλαντιαία

TRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

How severe is the final hail plague?

Enormous hailstones, each about a talent in weight, fall from heaven; people blaspheme God because the plague is exceedingly great.

Why this default

The default preserves the approximate talent weight, the hail’s heavenly origin, humanity’s blasphemy, and the narrator’s final severity assessment.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaultTalent-weight hail fell on people, who blasphemed God because the plague was exceedingly severe

Project default

AlternativeTalent-weight hail struck humanity, who cursed God because its plague was extraordinarily great

Alternate rendering

AlternativeTalent-heavy hail fell on people; they blasphemed God because its plague was exceptionally severe

Preserves the approximate force of ὡς and distinguishes the falling hail from the resulting plague.

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

← All Revelation 16 records

Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.